It seemed somehow relevant to the discussion. ;-)

I don't doubt that states manipulate currencies when they can, and that they aren't always open about it. I just don't think it's useful to attribute moves to that. "Noise" might be a better term than PPT. As far as analysis is concerned, they're synonyms.

> I just don't think it's useful to attribute moves to that

Over the last couple years I have seen analysts anticipate and detect concerted manipulation of the gold market and profit accordingly. The proof is in the pudding. It is useful to attribute some major market moves to manipulation by the elites. Though, as I said, I actually doubt there's anything conspiratorial going on in this particular chart.

It's hard to manipulate markets when someone else knows what you're up to -- especially if you intend to make any money at it.

http://hanson.gmu.edu/biastest.pdf