Read. Then post.
>I repeat, this is a math result, not an argument about physical systems.
Did you even care to read the title of the post?
the discussion is about hypothetical results from classical mechanics, which, along with the rest of physics, is a mathematical model that may be incongruous with observations.
Sorry, I didn't take my crazy pills today.
To me it is very clear that the question involves physics from the start.
Regarding your post about entropy. The reason it does not apply is because entropy is a concept from statistical mechanics which is about the statistics of ensembles of many (even non-classical) particles. It's a concept invented after Newton dynamics, but does not apply to describing the equations of motion of a single particle (try to define the entropy of the single particle system). Time reversal is a core tenent of Newton dynamics.
>What situations in classical physics are non-deterministic?
Is "statistical mechanics" contained within "classical physics"?
Yes or no? No need for a nonsensical philosophical essay.
The arrow of what now?[1] This is classical dynamics we're doing.
I repeat, this is a math result, not an argument about physical systems.
[1] Edit as this was clearly missed: THIS IS SARCASM. Thermodynamics and statistical mechanics are excellent theories and worth studying as they tell us deep and profound things about the natural world. This particular novelty is a result from classical dynamics where they don't apply. The "arrow of time" in Newtonian mechanics is absolutely reversible, and there is no Newtonian idea of "entropy".