The central control plane is Ubuntu, but the boards for actuators and sensors are all microcontrollers on some kind of RTOS or FPGAs.

Performing a quick survey of available recent papers in the field, came back with these summary works:

Robotics and Industry 4.0, https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Sudeep-Tanwar/publicati...

Elements of Robotics (book), https://library.oapen.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.12657/2782...

Modern Robotics (limited pages), https://www.google.com/books/edition/Modern_Robotics/5NzFDgA...

Looks like:

  - Industrial for heavy lifting and dangerous tasks beyond human standards (welding, heat, radiation)
  - Autonomous vehicles for manufacturing, mining, agriculture, logistics, transport
  - Quad- and octa- rotors as well as swarms of such (similar tasks as autonomous vehicles)
  - Health care with repetitive chemical mixing where human error can make a dangerous batch
  - Food packaging for sanitation and highly repetitive tasks prone to error, stress, and accidents.
  - Mining for areas where human interaction is dangerous or prohibitive (depth)
  - Military for attacks, surveillance, EM warfare, and long term loitering / denial.
  - Supermarkets and malls for restocking, cleaning, and shopping assistance.
  - Warehouses and factories for moving and selecting parts
  - Toys and educational consumer purchases
  - Home cleaning and maintenance (most of what "robot" brings back on shopping, other than toys)
  - Automated cooking for condition specific foods (rice, difficult indian meals)