Cloudflare has something called Turnstyle where the browser needs to do work. It's a bit of energy waste, but smooth for the user. Unless their algorithm comes to an incorrect decision and doesn't let you in. Then it's infuriating. For me in Europe that seems to be rare, but I have no idea how well it works in Vietnam.
I believe CF Turnstyle was only released in 2024. I believe they used reCAPTCHA up to 2020, and then switched to hCaptcha. I believe hCaptcha continues to be offered.
I wasn't aware that they have (had) alternative solutions. Probably because I've rarely seen them. Or if they used reCAPTCHA I got mad on Google, not noticing that Cloudflare had injected it.
Of course in general I do feel better about Cloudflare than Google making money.
I'd say this too. I'm giving LetsEncrypt 100% credit for making HTTPS so ubiquitous and free.
But CloudFlare certainly made things worse for "webmaster" era of the Internet, with everything centralized to CloudFlare. I live in Vietnam, and CloudFlare has made things super annoying with their captcha challenges everywhere.
Credit where it's due, CloudFlare pushed HTTP/2 and 3 adoption. More websites are available over IPv6, and their 1.1.1.1 DNS is actually quite nice.