If it was the second one then IMO you really owe them back the initial deposit they gave you depending on what kind of final work you delivered to them. Honestly handing codebases from one developer to another is less than ideal and makes projects more expensive than they should be. Also I'm sure it was way past the expected deadline of the client.
If you delivered nothing in the end then it was really more like they hired a con artist that stole their money, again if you were under the kind of contract I stated above.
If you were a normal employee then you just didn't do a great job due to all the stuff you mentioned.
Either way I don't know why you would publicize a situation like this. It doesn't matter what way you look at it, this whole story doesn't make you sound like a developer that people would want to hire.
If you left good deliverables for them in the end then that is better.
But like I said, I don't think it is a great idea to publicize this situation because it doesn't exactly make you look good, and the internet's memory is forever.
In contrary to what you say they have all my work on their servers and the thing is for sure usable so yeah the project might not be completed and I'm not the only developer working on it. So the work can be carried on and I'm ready to assist in passing and explaining my work to the other member of the team.
Again as explained I feel responsible for my failure(s) but I do not think this is all on me as you seem to believe.
Having say that, I know how terrible it is to work on some crappy legacy code and can certainly understand your decision. Good luck!
I'm not sure what he did deliver but it sounds more like he owes the company all the money he has been paid so far since he didn't deliver the product. I mean really the nightmare of this all sounds like it is on the side of his employer. He really didn't include enough details though about the original arrangement.