In most of the places I've been in SE Asia and South America, there are separate government hospitals that are the only affordable option for the poor. If you have cancer, they're not going to do much for you.

It depends. At some point often it switches to palliative care, rather than treatment. That point is not “there’s literally nothing else we can try”, it’s “the remaining options are inadequately proven, too expensive, high risk, or not effective enough (won’t extend life by long enough or improve quality of life enough)”.

Every single one of those criteria is subjective, which is why you see these fundraising campaigns for kids with cancer to go and a get a multimillion dollar treatment in the US, because as a parent, accepting that there’s more you COULD do if you just don’t give up is hard.