Also, if you don't want to make an entirely different second stage to put on top of superheavy, you should be able to fit a pretty substantial third stage in Starship's payload bay.
Right now the payload bay doesn't open anywhere near enough for that, but hopefully in the future that'll be an option.
And if you really want to make something go fast, you could refuel in orbit, give it a push from Starship, then deploy the third stage for another kick.
Shouldn't be too hard to design a starship with a blunt nose and place it under an expendable fairing.
With a 1-ton probe the budget is 99 tons for a kick stage. That's a lot of delta-v. With some creative propulsion options, maybe even interstellar probes can be done.
Sure, it’s hard, but that is perhaps the best engineering team in the history of humankind, and I think they’re up to the task.
Additionally, people much smarter than me ALSO think they are up to the task, and they have more and higher-resolution data about the problem space, too.
My money’s on they get it working. Maybe it takes five years or a dozen failures, but I’m confident that they will succeed eventually and there will be orbiting methane and lox fuel stations sooner rather than later.
Update: - source article - $58M contract to do that - https://www.teslarati.com/spacex-starship-nasa-contract-orbi...
- chatgpt confirmation + links to more sources - https://chatgpt.com/share/e/674b5c1b-d318-8004-b79d-c0eefc59...