You could argue that when representing both DEB and REA in an entity-relational model, they might have some similar looking tuples and relations, but that does not entail that they have the same data model. As I said in my initial post, REA is a richer data model that captures more information. You can reproduce the ledgers of DEB from a REA system, but you cannot go the other way in all cases.
DEB is a fictitious abstract model. "Accounts" and "ledgers" aren't real, they are fictions, artifacts of a model we use to indirectly track events. DEB doesn't even have a notion of economic actors that take part in an exchange. As such, it breaks down with multiparty transactions, for instance. DEB can of course be extended to handle such notions, but it's no longer just DEB and starts encoding something more like REA, just within a less meaningful foundation, eg. there is no such thing as a "normal balance" because this need results from a fictitious accounting model.
The article also mixes concerns that are not actually part of accounting but of different ontologies, eg. pending->discarded|posted is recording what may AND did happen, accounting is only supposed to record what actually happened. Which isn't to say that tracking what may happen isn't necessary, but mixing it into your accounting records is dubious, and simply muddies what's supposed to be a simple and reliable system that records what actually happened.
Just look at the sample REA pattern involving a cashier, customer and sales person. The information that this exchange involves 3 parties is not even captured in DEB. This is why I said you can reconstruct DEB from REA because REA is richer, but not the other way around.
“At the heart of each REA model there is usually a pair of events, linked by an exchange relationship, typically referred to as the "duality" relation. One of these events usually represents a resource being given away or lost, while the other represents a resource being received or gained.”
This is what I see as the main difference between single book accounting and double book accounting, with REA having some OO things added to the model to more accurately represent business objects when a computer is used. What am I missing about REA that makes it better than double book as implemented in the way this post was talking about implementing it?