HD 3.5" disks have a 2MB unformatted capacity, so I don't think anything could go over that. The Amiga drive was certainly more flexible (and some games used weird custom formats as a form of copy protection).

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floppy_disk_variants#Amiga

Some info about different sectors, tracks, etc.: https://retrocomputing.stackexchange.com/questions/27412/how..., https://retrocomputing.stackexchange.com/questions/12768/wha...