Wire-guided torpedos[1] and missiles[2] are fairly common, and the wire pays out from the projectile-side so it's not progressively dragging more and more. The more recent DM2A4 Seehecht torpedo[3] has a fiber-optic link, probably to reduce EM emissions or the detectability of a km's-long wire/antenna, despite being underwater.

[1]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_48_torpedo

[2]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wire-guided_missile

[3]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DM2A4