They allow you to screen any tags of you before they're made public (e.g. Someone tagged you in a photo, allow or deny?) - this only covers whether or not a tag of you appears with the photo (or check in).

Unfortunately, Facebook can't stop people from uploading a photo containing you (but neither can Flickr, or Photobucket, or imgur, or any other photo sharing website or service).

I don't know what "234*527" is off the top of my head, but I know what the answer is if I need it. Imgur doesn't know who I am in a picture and wouldn't know the answer if they needed it (except for a massive & deliberate effort). Facebook, knowing my social graph, and knowing there is an untagged face in a picture, it is a trivial programming problem.

This is why I prefer privacy-by-design rather than privacy-by-policy, and why I think cryptography is awesome: I want to make these problems arbitrarily hard. :-)

People can upload photos of you without your consent to hundreds of photo sharing services. If you really have a problem with it, don't let people take pictures of you in the first place.

On Facebook you can turn on tag review which means you have to approve tags before they are published. The photo still gets published, just without you tagged (until you approve it).

Others have already addressed your question, but I want to make an additional point:

Anyone can still upload photos of you to Facebook... even if you don't have a Facebook. That's not an issue that can ever be fixed in a reasonable manner (short of face detection -- which dabbles with censorship).