I’m not sure if there’s another word besides “patriotism”, but there certainly is a sense of continental pride amongst many (especially western) Europeans that mimics what American’s have for their nation (and not, e.g., their state [Texans aside])

Lets be real, there's no other country that has the same amount of patriotism than the US (for better or worse). You have kids in school "pledge allegiance" to a flag each morning. The only other countries comparable on that level are China, Russia, and North Korea - and they're not exactly doing it out of free will.

A more apt comparison would be how Americans feel towards their president. Most like them, others dislike them, but overall they're proud to have them. They're there in tough times and easy to blame when something doesn't go their way.