It's harder to call someone a "libtard" or a "troglodyte" if you have to sit next to them in a pew for the rest of your life.
Certainly you can instill reverence in people - give people a challenge that involves using a cross as a hammer to complete and they’ll recoil instinctively, but I think that’s just software tapping into something more akin to firmware.
I think it's a combination of the environment you grew up in, the behavior of the people you grew up with, the values you were raised with, and the education you received, and some of it is also purely self-driven. And so toddlers and little kids are like amoral sponges, since they're still developing their senses of justice, morality, and empathy.
That's what the intellectual cafes of 18th/19th century were. In a more bastardized way, that's what pubs can be today.
This said, school and "politics" have always been the main locations for such arguments - "politics", after all, was effectively built as an alternative to religious establishments to discuss matters without pesky clerics around.
It would not surprise me that on the whole our society is worse off for lack of a widespread secular tradition of discussing these concepts with your community.
edit: substitute "secular setting" for "secular state", definitely not arguing for the integration of church and state.