I gave up after this "simple" idea approached 200 lines of code implementing all the operator overloads. I guess the lesson is that primitives are complex, even if you just want to give them a new name. Also, the expression int/int produces an int, but what should the expression FahrenheitInt/FahrenheitInt produce? A unitless int? A FahrenheitInt?
* Ideally, you want separate types for absolute temperatures and temperature-deltas. Absolutes cannot be added, multiplied, or divided; subtracting absolutes produces a delta; adding or subtracting an absolute from a delta produces an absolute; deltas can be added and subtracted, and multiplied by unitless values.
* Multiplying a MeterNum by a MeterNum would ideally produce a SquareMeterNum.
* If you don't have to worry about precision, MeterNum and FootNum should both be replaced by LengthNum.
* You can convert a LengthNum into, say, meters by dividing by whatever value represents "1 meter" to produce a unitless int.
* Often operators don't make sense at all. (a << b) only makes sense if b is a unitless integer, for example.
I implemented most of this (but not absolute temperatures) as a Python library. The source is at <http://timmaxwell.org/svn/src/pychem/units.py>; and <http://timmaxwell.org/svn/src/pychem/std_units.py>. (Warning: these will download rather than opening in the browser.) I also found this: <http://pypi.python.org/pypi/units/>.
Slides: http://ecn.channel9.msdn.com/events/GoingNative12/GN12Cpp11S... -- "Type-rich Programming" comes in at slide 17.
Video (and Audio downloads): http://channel9.msdn.com/Events/GoingNative/GoingNative-2012... -- slide 17 comes in around a fifth of the way in, as the player does not appear to have minutes/seconds indicator. Nonetheless, one should be able to find their way using the slides (pdf) images in conjunction with the video to find their spot.
I don't have time to review the intro into those slides, if they are relevant, but the keynote is generally good anyhow, so I'd recommend viewing the whole piece.