I imagine the solution space is much bigger.

I think it could be an actually pretty good solution for this. A bit like Chaos Monkey but for human systems. Introducing error often enough that operators don't assume it never happens.

If the expected rate of known shoplifters is 1 in 10,000 then the human security team can keep a close eye on 10,000 people (one of whom is probably a shoplifter) or on just 2 people (one of whom is probably a shoplifter). The latter is much more efficient.

Without the intentional false positives they could simply throw out 1 individual with no need to keep an eye on anyone at all. That's enen MORE efficient, but it utterly ruins the lives of anyone falsely identified.

they'll just throw both out.