Here in Spain, I pay €35/month for weekly piano lessons for my daughter. She loves it and we are really happy with her teacher as well. All from the public music school.

Most of it is government provided here in Norway. My daughtes do (private) piano lessons and theatre and it's organized and paid by the muni. Sports clubs might have a small fee for equipment, but it's also heavily sponsored by the government, the national lottery etc.

For the things not free you can often have them paid for if you are in the low income brackets, and some places just give credit for those types of activity to all children.

The reasoning is that children of low income families shouldn't be excluded.

A lot of US public schools provide this, but the quality can be questionable in/around large metros.