I feel like you don't understand the distinction about positions at universities for initial medical training vs. internship and residencies, which I believe I discussed fairly above.
see
> > Internship slots, in turn, are set by disparate government agencies. They've climbed, but probably not climbed enough.
"Disparate agencies" isn't great phrasing, though, as what I really mostly meant was "each province".
More generally, Australia does have states and territories, but the federation model is far more centralized than the US: for instance, public hospital funding is a shared pool coordinated by federal agreement. https://www.publichospitalfunding.gov.au/victoria-basis-nati... While the vast majority of internships are at public hospitals, the federal government also pays directly to create a relatively small number of internships at private hospitals.
But of course this is all largely irrelevant because about one third of doctors in Australia completed all of their training in another country, and were then awarded a visa based largely on their profession being listed as a national priority under the system managed by the federal government.
Your source says that the government sets (indirectly) a limit on the number of places at most public universities, but there are private, full-fee universities that are not so limited.
Internship slots, in turn, are set by disparate government agencies. They've climbed, but probably not climbed enough.
Compare to the US, where congress basically directly controls the number of residency slots and has failed to increase them really at all to keep up with increasing population and increasing need for medical services.