As a paramedic (part-time) and someone who has worked in claims benefit management systems, EMTALA (the rules/laws around emergency stabilizing care) are not what make our healthcare astronomical. It's prescriptions, imaging, and labs. You can easily be charged several thousand dollars for diagnostic imaging. My insurance covers labs 100% but a recent stool sample test charged $780 to see if I had blood in a stool.

Speaking of DI, DI is a money-printing machine, with CT and MRI machines that range from a few hundred thousand to over a million have breakeven points well under two years. And the DI companies work to find and gather physicians who want to start a DI practice. Offer financing, consulting, and then, shockingly, we find that physicians who own a DI practice or a share in one tend to over-refer their patients to imaging.