> Table I shows the median and the range of digital readings by disease status and overall p-value using the Kruskal–Wallis test to examine if there exist statistically significant distinctions among two or more groups. The overall p-value is significant while the value for HER2 is 0.002, which show the probability of false-positive detection. This indicates that this sensor technology is an efficient way to detect HER2 biomarkers in saliva.

> ... In Fig. 5, the test results for detecting CA15-3 of the human samples are displayed. The digital reading decreases from the healthy group to the invasive breast cancer group, indicating an increase in CA15-3 concentration. The median, the range by disease status, and overall p-values analyzed with the Kruskal–Wallis test for the CA15-3 test are listed in Table I. The overall p-value for CA15-3 is 0.005, indicating that this device provides an efficient way to detect the salivary biomarkers related to breast cancer.