Note that this isn't exactly the same as getting more information.

Consider how terrible it would be if you were suddenly granted the ability to nitrogen gas: You would blindly stumble around in a dense fog before being eaten by a predator you never saw coming. Good filtering can almost be more important than good sensors.

I think that's also a great argument in favor of false-color/hyperspectral images of other planets: Why limit ourselves to the arbitrary wavelengths that were "chosen" just for Earth's atmosphere?

They're not arbitrary:

* These are the ones where the energy output of Sun's black body radiation peaks, giving the scene lighting.

* These are also the ones which coincide with many excited/base energy level transitions for electrons on molecular level, giving matter a color.

Perhaps it is a quirk of our universe that these two ranges coincide. I'm not sure if that's a given.

Heck, even our cosmically-close sibling-species have different perceptions, like flowers and insects that use ultraviolet signals and detection. Or animals that can easily detect light polarization.

Yes, we could see some IR and UF, but that wouldn't expand that spectrum dramatically. Visible light occupies a tiny part of total EM spectrum, so expanding it arithmetically still leaves you with a tiny subset.

Humans are actually quite good at seeing light polarization. I can easily do that with my laptop screen. I've found no use for it, though.