It's a subject (reasoning with defaults) that I've thought about a lot because it's a core part of commonsense reasoning. Back when production rules were a thing people never standardized a way of dealing w/ defaults and one of very few default-oriented programming languages is

https://ganelson.github.io/inform-website/

default-oriented programming might well resolve some of the conflicts involving object-orientation and its discontents. (e.g. defaults could be a better model for "inheritance" that works in more complex relationship graphs.)