You're correctly describing facts (eg the font apple uses doesn't let me tell the difference between llama and Ilama), but that's mostly not needed when reading their blob of legalese text.
In the extremely subjective world, I find the monotype hard to read in that narrow format because it implies a verticality - like looking at an art deco building. Somehow my eyes are able to scan the font they've selected more easily. This is, of course, possibly because apple has made me read a lot of their typefaces.
The context matters a lot, and so you want the stop sign (or possibly even the simple marketing sign) to be unambiguous. You want good kerning that won't make words bleed together or break at incorrect points.
I tend to like the fonts that are trendy on the web these days though - I find them fairly easy to read (and I read them a lot!)
One thing that surprised me is that comic sans can be easier for someone who is dyslexic to read because b and d are not mirrors. So I would be sympathetic to a lot of typeface choices if I understand why.
To me, this post falls squarely in that bucket. It correctly identifies issues and does not find the correct solution. Unfortunately, that undermines my confidence in the author, and that makes me suspicious of their comments on the photos page or regarding the typeface.
The author says "Apple used a bad font" but I missed it if they explained why, and their replacement didn't feel better to me. That's not convincing! I don't think it's unfair for me to say "yes, you've identified a problem but not the solution" and I don't think that's a meaningless comment.
I like buttons, and since I'm not a designer, I often use obvious affordances or make simple product decisions (this is to my detriment: too many modals or toasts). This includes buttons. But without hearing from Apple's designers (or from any designer defending their decisions), I leave this post feeling unconvinced. Their argument wasn't good enough for me to think it would beat an argument in favor of the designs Apple employees made.