Java is often faster than Rust on typical single-threaded code. Rust is faster when you want to leverage features like SIMD.

And when it comes to concurrency Rust is the worst language I've ever used by far. The type checker makes dealing with objects between threads extremely painful. With the JVM it's all just handed for you.

Rust is great when you want a tiny binary with minimal memory consumption.

So you think Rust and Go are more frequently used than Java for new code? Do you have something to support you claim?

Looking at TIOBE and PYPL, it comes that for backend Java and .NET are huge, followed by .Node.js, followed by Python and then PHP.

I know a number of them, but that’s not really important. You didn’t mention Kotlin, right? :) Often enough whatever stack was used at the seed stage, it is eventually either replaced or complemented by Java, meaning that new code is written either on latest LTS or even on evergreen version.

I have never seen Golang being used for business logic backends, its Java, Kotlin or .NET, and then nothing else for a long while. It is not expressive enough but shines in other areas, mainly infrastructure.

Remember that "Systems Programming", which is what Golang was designed for, isn't necessarily just Kernel and device drivers, but everything that isn't "Application Programming", and that includes the whole K8S networking and container stuff where it is very successful.

Kotlin is weird inclusion in that list with Java and .NET unless you'd include Android.