Often the next day, which is why they called them "dailies":
> The term "dailies" comes from when movies were all shot on film because usually at the end of each day, the footage was developed, synced to sound, and printed on film in a batch (and later telecined onto videotape or disk) for viewing the next day by the director, selected actors, and film crew members. After the advent of digital filmmaking, "dailies" were available instantly after the take and the review process was no longer tied to the overnight processing of film and became more asynchronous.
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dailies
You had to know quite quickly because the production needed to know whether the scene was captured properly so that it could be determined whether the set could be dismantled and the crew could move on to the next scene.
No, many scenes are done correctly on the first take. Because film, film development, the equipment to edit film, and the staff cost real money. And you don't see if it was a good shot for weeks.