Obviously it "works" and they didn't "just" transpile it but spent quite a bit of effort on this. Whether it's free of bugs that are not present in SQLite is a different matter. And while it's not run against the SQLite proprietary tests, it does pass all of the TCL tests IIRC, which are quite comprehensive on their own, so there shouldn't be huge glaring bugs.
But yeah it does give me a little shiver to think you are transpiling C code to go code, and the go-code is not really "pure go", but has a platform-dependent unsafe operations. Just look at the repo
https://gitlab.com/cznic/sqlite/-/tree/master/lib?ref_type=h...
It is a less battle-tested C compiler, sure, but it's a C compiler. IMO, you can't argue that something shouldn't be called sqlite because it contains a transpiled copy of sqlite. To me this isn't really substantially different from transpiling sqlite to JS using Emscripten.
The only proper way to use sqlite is to use FFI.