Unfortunately not, as far as I can tell (Apple took away the debugging option from the Bluetooth menu a while ago, but at least the first AirPods still used mSBC for HFP).

This is really surprising to me: They clearly don't mind licensing AAC for A2DP/music mode even though SBC is free and the only required codec, so I don't understand why they don't include at least something proprietary for AirPods to Apple device use, or now LC3.