When it comes to individual action many people are protective of things that are not necessarily in their best interests. Anything that threatens the freedom of the individual trumps everything else even if the alternative is slightly better. This happens with healthcare reform, to corporate taxation, to individual taxation (where people want to keep the status quo just in case they "get rich").
It's more complicated for the self-employed, or if you don't want to loan the government money for free.
I suspect other things have an impact on this system working though, such as the much lower ownership of shares and tax-attracting investments in the UK, as well as the generous tax-free allowance for capital gains (I'd need to make a realized gain of something like $20k in a year to pay any tax on shares, for example.)
I think the author touches on the real problems in the last couple of paragraphs. The American government isn't particularly good at spearheading initiatives that benefit voters without allowing "lobbyists" or commercial interests to take over. It also doesn't help that you have the federal and state structure (as good as it may be for other things) since the decisions can't be taken by one central place given all the local tax laws.