To be clear this is not what a "typical" python application/script looks like at all. While there's definitely an argument to be made about python's immature type support (especially compared to typescript/rust), don't use this as an example of python's readability.

This was written to closely follow the math equations, not to be a maintainable piece of software. It makes a lot more sense from a mathematics/academic perspective, but not from a software development perspective.

Strong typing support would do nothing for readability but make this harder to read. Typing support doesn't help your naming, commenting, formatting, etc. that makes this so hard to read.