Knowingly publishing wrong simulation data is stupid -- (imho, no blame should have gone to you, a student, even if you had gone along with it, but rather to your supervisors in that situation) -- because published simulations would always be reproducible, by definition, if you think about it.

Anyone trying to replicate the results will discover that the previous simulations are wrong, though will probably assume mistakes and not fraud by the original researchers. Of course it could take years for someone else to notice the problem (if ever), depending on how exciting were the claimed results and how easy to run are the simulations.