One of them is money. Canada was lucky enough to get in on AI early, when the whole thing was pie in the sky and most people didn’t care. But today it’s turning into big business, and Canada just can’t compete with Silicon Valley salary levels. And that’s a problem on top of trying to convince people to move from California to Toronto.

Europe and elsewhere have similar problems. To have an advantage, you need the very best people. But the very best people all want jobs at major US companies, and major US companies want them, too.