Countries have proven far more reticent to use kinetic options vs. cyberattacks. Or, put differently, we're all hacking each other left and right and the responses have thus far mostly remained in the digital realm.

See, e.g., https://madsciblog.tradoc.army.mil/156-what-is-the-threshold...

> responses are usually proportional to and in the same domain as the provocation

> Or, put differently, we're all hacking each other left and right and the responses have thus far mostly remained in the digital realm.

Which is both good and bad at the same time. Cyber warfare has been significantly impacting our economies and our citizens - anything from scam callcenters over ransomware to industrial espionage - to the tune of many dozens of billions of dollars a year. And yet, no Western government has ever held the bad actors publicly accountable, which means that they will continue to be a drain on our resources at best and a threat to national security at worst (e.g. the Chinese F-35 hack).

I mean, I'm not calling for nuking Bejing, that would be disproportionate - but even after all that's happened, Russia and China are still connected to the global Internet, no sanctions, nothing.

it's not superpower-scale

some bored kid with a couple of hundred stolen credit cards can bring down a significant chunk of AWS/GCP/...