We do, very successfully (large online retailer). Moving off of Windows as a deployment target simplified our processes significantly. Developers use a mix of Windows and Mac to develop, running the services "natively", before we ship them as Docker images to k8s.

There are some "Windows-isms" buried deep in the older layers of the standard library, but these tend to be not relevant for backend services (anything that talks via the network).

I experience .NET as a very productive tech stack. If I were to found a startup tomorrow, I'd pick .NET for boring web service stuff.