Mainly thinking of the Ottomans ("around" WW1, not strictly in it, but IMO the war itself caused it), who defeated the Eastern Roman Empire, who in turn were not only a successor to the pre-split Roman Empire, but which also occupied the city of Rome itself for a while on three separate occasions.

Looking at just the city of Rome itself, you've got the following mess that I'm just copying from Wikipedia with light formatting:

Western Roman Empire — 286–476; Kingdom of Italy — 476–493; Ostrogothic Kingdom — 493–536; Eastern Roman Empire — 536–546; Ostrogothic Kingdom — 546–547; Eastern Roman Empire — 547–549; Ostrogothic Kingdom — 549–552; Eastern Roman Empire — 552–751; Kingdom of the Lombards — 751–756; Papal States — 756–1798; Roman Republic — 1798–1799; Papal States — 1799–1809; First French Empire — 1809–1814; Papal States — 1814–1849; Roman Republic — 1849; Papal States — 1849–1870; Kingdom of Italy — 1870–1943.

Which might make my core point even more strongly? IDK.