My brother has a kidney ailment, so the expected value of me donating to a stranger is less than the expected value of me donating to my brother. This is because my brother has the potential for children. If he has children, they may become doctors. If they become doctors, they will potentially save a huge number of people. Of course the risk of them not becoming doctors is high. So I should investigate who around me is a doctor that needs my kidney. But then I need to assess if their doctoring is based upon sound methodology, and the correlation of their GPA vs. their schooljg mathcex the ideal numberr of utils to balances dfcsslmksn;kzknfvknzlgn;lz;lnzglzll