Also had great success with Roaring Bitmaps, a bit further on the compression/ease of manipulation axis.
Edit: I see you're already linking to Daniel Lemire's github, so I guess you're familiar with them, just mentioning them, since it's in a comment thread like this one that I discovered them.
But for other integer datasets there's FastPFOR
https://github.com/lemire/FastPFor
The linked papers there will talk about techniques that can be used to store multiple 32bit integers into a single byte, etc. Integer compression is pretty powerful if your data isn't random. The thing with UUIDs is that your data is pretty random - even a UUIDv7 contains a significant amount of random data.