Isn't that a stock feature on pretty much every chip? I mean, if you've got a temperature sensor for overtemperature protection, including undertemperature protection is trivial.

Even the cheapest chips from TI and ST seem to include it. And modern cell phones often advertise extra-fast 20W+ charging, so I doubt they're using the cheapest chips.

I can already imagine freezing to death while my phone refuses to charge because it wants to protect its precious battery

My iPhone refuses to charge when too hot or too cold.