Not exactly. There are some ways to install GNU/Linux distros on Chromebooks, the Eupnea project's Depthboot script[1], for example, lets users build/run a distro by extracting the rootfs from an ISO file, and apply Chromebook-specific patches, like using ChromeOS' kernel, using keyd to make patches to support the Chromebook keyboard's action keys, and much others.

(Disclaimer: I'm the current maintainer of the Eupnea project.)

[1]: https://github.com/eupnea-linux-backup/depthboot-builder