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Re:US startup begins producing 40%-efficient thermophotovolt... by fsh on Thursday October 05, 2023 @04:29AM (#37776155)
There are betavoltaic generators [1] that directly produce electricity from decay electrons using p-n junctions (similar to photovoltaic cells). However, in the vast majority of applications, they get outperformed by modern lithium batteries (i.e. coin cells).

[1] https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betavoltaic_device

Re:US startup begins producing 40%-efficient thermophotovolt... by throwaway20304 on Thursday October 05, 2023 @04:56AM (#37776343)
How can you compare a generator to a battery? How do you charge the battery without a generator?
Re:US startup begins producing 40%-efficient thermophotovolt... by jusssi on Thursday October 05, 2023 @05:41AM (#37776601)
I believe GP means a disposable battery that you replace with a new one when it's empty. Not a rechargeable battery.
Re:US startup begins producing 40%-efficient thermophotovolt... by dukeyukey on Thursday October 05, 2023 @05:18AM (#37776476)
Betavoltaics aren't really either - they provide a constant, slowly-over-years declining flow of power. They can't be recharged, they _could_ be refueled (don't know if it's economic though), and are mostly used when you need a small flow of power and a long period of time between maintenance (think pacemakers, weather buoys, some satellites or probes).
Re:US startup begins producing 40%-efficient thermophotovolt... by spoiler on Thursday October 05, 2023 @05:06AM (#37776399)
A bettery, from the viewpoint of a circuit, is just another source. So we could call them chemical electricity generators, if we're brave enough to indulge the confusion
Re:US startup begins producing 40%-efficient thermophotovolt... by throwaway20304 on Thursday October 05, 2023 @05:13AM (#37776442)
I still don't quite understand it. Where does the battery get the energy? I understand that there's no difference in a circuit, but why is this comparison relevant? Many power sources are way less efficient that using a battery, but we need to charge the battery.
Re:US startup begins producing 40%-efficient thermophotovolt... by tbihl on Thursday October 05, 2023 @06:52AM (#37776998)
For low-enough-power applications and sufficiently long-lasting batteries, charging is just another step in production.
Re:US startup begins producing 40%-efficient thermophotovolt... by fsh on Thursday October 05, 2023 @07:46AM (#37777372)
Betavotaic generators usually produce extremely low power. A similarly sized battery can last for decades at the same power output.
Re:US startup begins producing 40%-efficient thermophotovolt... by regularfry on Thursday October 05, 2023 @11:44AM (#37780089)
Alkaline batteries are never charged, per se. The energy comes from the one-way chemical breakdown of cathode and the anode.