They absolutely do. I have three and use them all the time. Use case (beyond charging) to have them right in the box is that they can be used to transfer data from a previous Mac to a new one upon setup (heir to the good old "target mode" that used to turn a Mac into a USB mass storage device), or for T2/Apple Silicon to debrick the device by entering DFU mode.

Just got a fourth (shorter, different from MacBooks) one with my new iPad, it has data too, which I just used yesterday to restore the encrypted local backup from my previous iPad and perform a new local backup. I bet the cable shipped with these new iPhones is the same as with the USB-C iPad ones.