There are plenty of counterexamples here, with languages that had corporate sponsorship but did not succeed (e.g. Go) and vice versa (Perl, Python).

In the case of Lisp, it was done in by two things: AI winter, and the fact that the Lisp community was never able to organize itself. This is the famous "Lisp curse": it is precisely the fact that Lisp is a productivity multiplier that seals its fate because it allows individuals to get things done without collaborating.