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Re:Tornado Cash devs charged with laundering more than $1B by ryoshu on Wednesday August 23, 2023 @07:15PM (#37243164)
These are federal conspiracy counts. Overt acts don't need to be crimes, they just need to be proof of the furtherance of a criminal conspiracy.

Making a crowbar isn't illegal. Buying a crowbar isn't illegal. Emailing your buddy and talking about how you're going to bust up a person and their shop because they aren't paying you protection money, then making or buying the crowbars? That could be evidence of an overt act in furtherance of a criminal conspiracy.

Re:Tornado Cash devs charged with laundering more than $1B by Terr_ on Wednesday August 23, 2023 @07:21PM (#37243220)
That example reminds me of some follow-on commentary:

> And the only thing I would add is a few other scenarios. The third scenario: A person says to themselves "I'm going to go out and buy a crowbar to [...]" and then I go out and buy a crowbar. Still not a crime because there's no conspiracy, i.e. an agreement with another person.

> [...] And then there's the fourth scenario: A person says to themselves "I'm going to go out and buy a crowbar to [...]", buys the crowbar, and and then actually starts hitting people [...] Now there's still no conspiracy, but you've taken a substantial step towards the crime and and likely completed the crime and you're guilty of the initial crime.

[0] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SbIhNmoZLJQ&t=3m00s