Ultimately, economic growth is driven by population growth.[0] And also, there is a feedback loop where population growth is encouraged by economic growth. Since people require material and energy input, and there is a limit to both on this planet,[1] economic growth is expected to flatten once the population outstrips the Earth's resources.

[0] There is also the growth that comes in spurts from technological innovations. Those spurts should be amortized across the entire regions of years that follow them when assessing the resultant growth. IMO, such technological innovations are akin to data compression, increasing entropy. Over the loooong hall, I'd expect such spurts to have diminishing returns (just like compressing a compressed file has diminishing returns.)

[1] I guess expanding our reach beyond Earth would be one of those 'spurts'.