Many of them seem to lack the ability to think recursively, and I find myself having to draw flowcharts, even to explain the most basic if-else thought processes.
On the programming language side, however, I've learned ~25 programming languages and dialects (ksh, bash, and zsh are IMO dialects of sh) and probably use ~6 of them regularly. I suspect that your intuition about how programming languages can affect people this way is correct, but because (as radicalbyte said http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=3720212) programming languages have simpler grammars, one need be fluent in more than one programming language to get the benefit of being human-language multilingual.
I do know that knowing more programming languages has made me a better programmer—I can think about the problems that I solve differently, and can adapt the idioms from one language (such as an Enumerable#any? from Ruby) to another language (implementing something similar for anonymous delegates in C#). I've also found that, by and large, I learn new programming languages and idioms faster now than when I first started and only knew a couple of languages.