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Re:Ask HN: How do I get started in philosophy by keiferski on Monday July 31, 2023 @03:41AM (#36939767)
Copying a post I made a few years ago: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=28388844

Since this is HN, you might be interested in language, logic, and similar topics. If this is the case, you will likely enjoy analytic philosophy, especially Quine, Wittgenstein, Carnap, and Popper.

However, if you are coming at philosophy cold, I really don't recommend the academic analytic path. It's too easy to get lost in the weeds and decide that all this stuff is just too obscure and abstruse to be useful.

If that's the case, I suggest a very brief reading list to shake up your default preconceptions of how the world works. The goal here is to make you question your basic assumptions, which is when philosophy is at its best.

- Meditations by Marcus Aurelius and On the Shortness of Life by Seneca. Classic Stoic works. Very accessible entry points to classical philosophy and Stoicism.

- Beyond Good and Evil by Friedrich Nietzsche. If you read this and understand it, your entire conception of ethics, values, and how we use labels like "good" or "evil" will be shaken up.

- Republic by Plato. If you live in a Western country, you probably think that democracy is the highest and best form of government. Plato thinks otherwise and it's worth understanding why.

- A Tractate on Japanese Aesthetics by Donald Richie. This is a fairly recent book but it serves as an excellent introduction to East Asian and Japanese thought via art and aesthetics.

- I Ching. The Chinese classic is super easy to read and is diametrically opposite to the static, eternal universal Platonic model much of Western thought it built upon.

- You should also probably read something from India, the Islamic world, and Russia, but I wanted to keep my list fairly short. Some recommendations here are The Bhagavad Gita, Ḥayy ibn Yaqẓān, and anything by Dostoyevsky. For reference: I have a bachelor's in philosophy from a program in the US which is almost exclusively analytic in nature.

Re:Ask HN: How do I get started in philosophy by tiberious726 on Monday July 31, 2023 @01:12PM (#36945747)
Great recommendations! I'd pick The Genealogy of Morality as a better intro to Nietzsche, tho my favorite is far and away The Gay Science.

I wouldn't pick Meditations as being a intro classical philosophy tho, the Stoics were very much their own school of thought, and not the primary one that carried forward into later eras. It's a fascinating school of thought, but more also a diversion in getting up to speed (another great side-path from the same era is Pyrrhonian Skepticism!). Aurelius is also really late chronologically (and frankly not a philosopher at all... The modern equivalent would be a celebrity publishing a self-help book, still an extremely fascinating historical document tho).

I'm a huge fan of the Alan Bloom version of Plato's Republic. But if we're getting specifically into Plato, I'd feel remiss if I didn't mention the Euthyphro too.

There is also a _lot_ to be said in favor of reading the history of philosophy in rough order. It's a conversation through the millennia, and you can't truly understand what an author is saying unless you understand the context they are replying to. Eg. Kant is frankly unintelligible (and subject to wild misinterpretation) unless he is read as a rebuttal to Hume's continuation of Descartes's protect (as Kant himself says in the intro to the first critique).

In the words of my thesis advisor "breaking philosophy down into the categories of analytic and continental is like breaking down cars into the categories of those-with-four-wheel-drive and those-made-in-Europe".