It's asking “Did you reside in the United States”, which does indeed suggest you need to be a resident (i. e. have a green card I guess?). However, I think it can be more broadly interpreted as “be present in the U.S. at some point”, which also correlates with the class definition: “All Facebook users in the United States between May 24, 2007, and December 22, 2022, inclusive.”

(I am not a lawyer, take this with a grain of salt.)