> In my experience with multi-threaded programming, C++ code with "careless sharing issues" is often filled with multiple threads accessing the same object and relying on convention to avoid calling the wrong thread's methods
Right, I can see the kind of codebase you're referring to.
I don't see Rust as a magical weapon solving concurrency issues though. Namely because Rust (the compiler) has a very limited view of what happens in the lifetime of a multithreaded system, and no view at all of the lifetime of a multiprocess system.
Even when writing purely single threaded Rust, you quickly end up having to let go of the strictly static memory sharing checks and switch to dynamic ones.
I have yet to find a use case where Rust solves anything but the most blatant synchronization issues.
I also struggle to understand the threading model of COM and C libraries like libusb (https://libusb.sourceforge.io/api-1.0/libusb_mtasync.html), though that might just be me, and each library tends to have a different threading model. Rust's Send/Sync is a 90% solution which you can learn upfront, is checked by the compiler, and applies to all libraries and works for most use cases.