(fwiw I have a bit of prior experience here)
Even fully passive NFC tags contain logic that needs power to talk NFC back to the reader, there’s no such thing as just reading data via NFC.
You know those 4 lights on a contactless card reader? They indicate different transaction stages between the card and the terminal. I don’t find them that useful because it’s so fast they all appear to light at the same time, but that’s what they are!
https://www.cardlogix.com/product/cardlogix-credentsys-lite-...
And on another source:
Visa became the first large payment company to license JavaCard. Visa mandated JavaCard for all of Visa’s smartcard payment cards. Later, MasterCard acquired Mondex, and Peter Hill joined as their CTO, licensed JavaCard, and ported the Mondex payment platform to JavaCard.
Source: https://javacardforum.com/2022/07/28/the-birth-of-javacard/
It's almost bizarre what that thing does.
Though mind you, it is a very limited subset of Java, not the standard one.
[1] https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Java_Card
[2] https://superuser.com/questions/362567/are-there-any-credit-...
[3] https://www.oracle.com/java/java-card/
All of this is just as easy as, if not easier than, using ChatGPT. It's unclear that such a tool even serves this purpose (retrieval of basic facts) adequately, so it should probably be avoided in the future.