The fact C++ has so many ways of defining things is not the reason it's so popular. The reason is the enormous industry investment on the language tooling and ecosystem. IMO the language itself is the worst part of the ecosystem, but the other parts create a totality that is the best development language ecosystem in industry for my niche (graphics and geometry) including libraries, copmpilers, debugger & profiling etc.

Any language with the level of industrial support C++ has had would have grown to prominence. C++ came abut a judicious time in history when "object orientation" was becoming the latest buzzword. And now we have ended up with gazillions of lines of C++ code.

It's a tragedy of our trade that two mongrels - C++ and Javascript - became to be among the most prominent in our trade.