> I'd ask the opposite, in what case would you choose ext4 over xfs?
When you want both Y2038 support and compatibility with slightly older kernels. AFAIK, the Y2038 support was added to XFS only very recently, while ext4 had it for much longer.
If you need a robust, straightforward and fast filesystem - use xfs. If you need more advanced features - use btrfs or zfs. bcachefs should be an option for that at some point and unlike others it also aims to compete with xfs in speed.