Has CA actually spent that money on those problems and shown that it couldn't solve them? If not I don't think that statement is true?
https://hsr.ca.gov/about/capital-costs-funding/
A statewide light rail system would probably run closer to a trillion dollars.
They could probably do the statewide light rail for $100 billion if private property rights were ignored. But $10 billion doesn't sound plausible. Maybe just the single already planned line could be built for $10 billion, if private property were ignored and the state did good planning.
Of course this makes it obvious why California can't do it for $10 billion, $100 billion or even $10 trillion: wherever you put your rail network it will inconvenience someone, and that causes massive delays and cost overruns, or makes the project politically untenable from the start. Even if you put the rail underground you would get massive protests from nearby residents because "poor people" can now get there easier.
(10B / $6 / 4 quarters / 10 years)
How does that follow? There's plenty of reasons why there's no high speed rail in the US, none of them have to do with lack of money.